How to Adjust Your Immigrant Status in the U.S.
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Adjusting your immigrant status in the United States—often referred to as “Adjustment of Status” (AOS)—is the process by which a noncitizen already in the U.S. can apply for lawful permanent residence (a green card) without having to return to their home country. This is a crucial step for many individuals seeking to live and work in the U.S. permanently.
Who Can Apply for Adjustment of Status?
You may be eligible to adjust your status if:
You entered the U.S. legally (e.g., on a student visa)
You are the beneficiary of an approved immigrant petition (family-based, employment-based, or special immigrant)
A visa number is available in your category
You meet all other eligibility requirements under U.S. immigration law
Step-by-Step Guide
1. Determine Eligibility
Start by reviewing eligibility categories on the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) website. Common categories include:
Immediate relatives of U.S. citizens (spouses, unmarried children under 21, parents)
Employment-based immigrants
Refugees and asylees
2. File the Immigrant Petition (If Not Already Filed)
Most applicants must have an immigrant petition approved before applying to adjust status:
Form I-130 for family-based immigration
Form I-140 for employment-based immigration
In some cases, you can file the immigrant petition and the adjustment application at the same time (this is called "concurrent filing").
3. File Form I-485 (Application to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Status)
Once the petition is approved (or if concurrent filing is allowed), file Form I-485 with USCIS. Include supporting documents such as:
Proof of lawful entry (e.g., I-94 record)
Medical examination (Form I-693) (if applicable)
Birth certificate and passport
Evidence of financial support (Form I-864, Affidavit of Support, if applicable)
4. Attend Biometrics Appointment
You will receive a notice to attend a biometrics appointment to provide fingerprints, a photo, and a signature for background checks.
5. Attend the Interview (If Required)
Many applicants will be required to attend an in-person interview with a USCIS officer to verify eligibility and review documents.
6. Receive a Decision
If USCIS approves your application, you will receive your green card in the mail. If denied, you may have the opportunity to appeal or reapply depending on the reason.
Tips for a Successful Application
Double-check all forms and documents for accuracy
Keep copies of everything submitted
Notify USCIS of address changes (use Form AR-11)
Consider consulting an immigration attorney, especially if your case is complex
Conclusion
Adjusting status is a significant step toward becoming a permanent resident of the U.S. While the process can be lengthy and detailed, careful preparation and understanding of the requirements can improve your chances of success. Always refer to the official USCIS website or a qualified immigration attorney for the most up-to-date and accurate guidance.
For more information, please visit USCIS website